What is the difference between energy storage batteries and power batteries?

Energy storage batteries and power batteries differ in many aspects, mainly including the following points:
1. Different application scenarios
Energy storage batteries: mainly used for power storage, such as grid energy storage, industrial and commercial energy storage, household energy storage, etc., to balance power supply and demand, improve energy utilization efficiency and energy cost. ·Power batteries: are specifically used to power mobile devices such as electric vehicles, electric bicycles, and power tools.
2. Energy storage batteries: usually have a lower charge and discharge rate, and the requirements for charge and discharge speed are relatively low, and they pay more attention to long-term cycle life and energy storage efficiency. Power batteries: need to support high-rate charge and discharge to meet high-power output requirements such as vehicle acceleration and climbing.
3. Energy density and power density
Power battery: high energy density and high power output need to be considered to meet the requirements of electric vehicles for cruising range and acceleration performance. It usually adopts more active electrochemical materials and compact battery structure. This design can provide a large amount of electric energy in a short time and achieve fast charging and discharging.
Energy storage battery: usually does not need to be charged and discharged frequently, so their requirements for battery energy density and power density are relatively low, and they pay more attention to power density and cost. They usually adopt more stable electrochemical materials and looser battery structure. This structure can store more electric energy and maintain stable performance during long-term operation.
4. Cycle life
Energy storage battery: generally requires a long cycle life, usually up to several thousand times or even tens of thousands of times.
Power battery: the cycle life is relatively short, generally hundreds to thousands of times.
5. Cost
Energy storage battery: Due to the differences in application scenarios and performance requirements, energy storage batteries usually pay more attention to cost control to achieve the economy of large-scale energy storage systems. ·Power battery: Under the premise of ensuring performance, the cost is also continuously reduced, but the cost is relatively high.
6. Safety
Power battery: Usually more focused on simulating extreme situations in vehicle driving, such as high-speed collisions, overheating caused by rapid charging and discharging, etc. The installation position of the power battery in the vehicle is relatively fixed, and the standard mainly focuses on the overall collision safety and electrical safety of the vehicle. ·Energy storage battery: The system is large in scale, and once a fire occurs, it may cause more serious consequences. Therefore, the fire protection standards for energy storage batteries are usually more stringent, including the response time of the fire extinguishing system, the amount and type of fire extinguishing agents, etc.
7. Manufacturing process
Power battery: The manufacturing process has high environmental requirements, and humidity and impurity content need to be strictly controlled to avoid affecting battery performance. The production process usually includes electrode preparation, battery assembly, liquid injection, and formation, among which the formation process has a greater impact on battery performance. Energy storage battery: The manufacturing process is relatively simple, but the consistency and reliability of the battery must also be guaranteed. During the production process, it is necessary to pay attention to controlling the thickness and compaction density of the electrode to improve the energy density and cycle life of the battery.
8. Material selection
Power battery: It needs to have high energy density and good rate performance, so positive electrode materials with higher specific capacity are usually selected, such as high nickel ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc., and negative electrode materials generally choose graphite, etc. In addition, power batteries also have high requirements for the ionic conductivity and stability of the electrolyte.
·Energy storage battery: It pays more attention to long cycle life and cost-effectiveness, so the positive electrode material may choose lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, etc., and the negative electrode material may use lithium titanate, etc. In terms of electrolyte, energy storage batteries have relatively low requirements for ionic conductivity, but high requirements for stability and cost.